The aorta is the biggest artery in our body, which is responsible for circulating blood from the heart to the rest of the body. However, there are various diseases related to the aorta, for instance, aneurysm and aortic dissection. In this article, we will discuss in detail the structure of the aorta, the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of diseases.

Pain in the abdominal cavity or chest;

Pain spreading from the back around the body;

Pulsation in the abdominal cavity – typical for an abdominal aneurysm.

The signs of aortic dissection

In addition to the signs described above for aneurysm, the symptoms of aortic dissection also include:

A sudden piercing pain in the chest or upper back that radiates to the neck;

Pain in the abdomen is possible for the lower type of aortic dissection;

Visual disturbances, speech disorders, and weakness on one side;

Fainting or loss of consciousness.

Diagnostic methods for aneurysms and aortic dissection

To diagnose aneurysms and aortic dissection, the following methods are used:

An ultrasound scan to visualize the aorta;

CT or MRI of the aorta;

Genetic tests (in case of suspicion of Marfan syndrome);

In addition, it is necessary to do regular screenings in case of a predisposition for the disease.

Treatment for aneurysms and aortic dissection

The treatment for aneurysms includes:

Modifying lifestyle habits – visiting a doctor and regularly measuring blood pressure;

Surgeries – endovascular grafting or standard surgical intervention.

The treatment for aortic dissection includes:

Endovascular grafting – a minimally invasive procedure during which a graft is implanted through a catheter to strengthen the weakened part of the aorta;

Open surgery – if grafting is contraindicated for the patient or the position of the graft is inaccessible, surgery is performed. Surgeries for dissecting aneurysms are indicated mainly for type A dissections;

Treatment also includes the administration of beta-adrenergic blockers and analgesics, and for type B dissection, grafting is possible.

Risk factors for aneurysms and aortic dissection

The main risk factors for aneurysms are:

Marfan syndrome or other collagen diseases;

High blood pressure;

Cocaine use, and weightlifting;

Old age and male sex.

The potential risks for aortic dissection are:

High blood pressure, atherosclerosis;

Trauma to the chest;

Collagen disease;

Stress;

Weightlifting;

Genetic predisposition;

Advanced age – the older a person is, the greater the risk of developing the disease.

Complications of aneurysms and aortic dissection

The main danger of an aneurysm is the rupture, which is generally incompatible with life. In addition, aneurysms can lead to dysfunction of other organs and systems. On the other hand, aortic dissection can lead to such dangerous complications as stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and internal bleeding. It is noteworthy that the rupture of the aorta is incompatible with life, and the chances of saving the patient are less than 50%. In summary, knowledge of the symptoms of aneurysm and aortic dissection, as well as their causes, will contribute to preventing these diseases. However, the most important thing is to consult a doctor for tests and treatment. In addition to medicinal treatment and surgeries, dietary and lifestyle changes are also important in the treatment of these diseases. Even if a person does not notice any signs similar to those described above, it is necessary to visit a doctor and submit tests for analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the first signs of an aortic aneurysm or dissection?

The most common signs of an aortic aneurysm or dissection are chest pain and pain behind the sternum that radiates to other parts of the body. In addition, shortness of breath, fainting, and stroke-like symptoms are also common with these diseases.

How are aortic aneurysms treated?

The treatment of aneurysms usually involves a surgical procedure. There are two methods of surgery: standard and endovascular. To prevent the disease, it is necessary to make dietary changes and completely give up harmful habits.

Is aortic dissection life-threatening?

Yes, aortic dissection is a serious disease that requires urgent surgical intervention. The treatment of type A aortic dissection is mainly surgical, while the treatment of type B aortic dissection can be conservative.

Who is at the highest risk of developing an aortic dissection?

Older people, especially men, are at higher risk of developing aortic dissection. In addition, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and collagen diseases increase the chances of developing aortic dissection.

What lifestyle changes can lower the risk of developing an aortic aneurysm?

To reduce the risk of developing an aortic aneurysm, it is necessary to lose excess weight, give up smoking, and reduce the level of stress.