Endoscopic or Bronchoscopic Management

In some cases, bronchoscopic techniques may be used for smaller or less complex fistulas, especially if the fistula is located near the bronchus and has not led to a severe infection or large air leak.Procedure Overview: Anesthesia: Local anesthesia or sedation is used. Bronchoscope: A bronchoscope (a flexible tube with a camera) is inserted into the airway to locate the fistula. Fistula Closure: The fistula may be closed using biological glue, stents, or thermal techniques to promote tissue sealing. Advantages: Less invasive and quicker recovery time compared to surgery. Suitable for small fistulas or those that are accessible via the

CEPH – Pulmonary Endarterectomy

Pulmonary Endarterectomy (PEA) is a complex surgical procedure aimed at treating chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This condition involves the obstruction of the pulmonary arteries due to organized blood clots (thromboemboli) that prevent proper blood flow to the lungs, leading to high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and potentially severe heart failure.CTEPH is often a result of unresolved or incompletely treated pulmonary embolism (PE), where blood clots travel to the lungs and cause blockages. Over time, these clots can organize and become fibrotic, leading to permanent narrowing of the pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary Endarterectomy is considered the gold standard surgical

Tracheal Reconstruction

Tracheal reconstruction is a surgical procedure used to repair or reconstruct a damaged or stenotic (narrowed) trachea, which is the windpipe that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi and lungs. This surgery is typically performed when the trachea is obstructed, malformed, or damaged due to trauma, congenital defects, or disease. The goal of tracheal reconstruction is to restore a normal airway for breathing. Indications for Tracheal ReconstructionTracheal reconstruction is performed for a variety of reasons, including: Tracheal Stenosis: Narrowing of the trachea due to scar tissue formation or previous injury. Post-intubation Stenosis: Narrowing that occurs after

Mediastinal Mass Excision

Mediastinal mass excision refers to the surgical removal of a mass or tumor located in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, situated between the lungs. This area houses critical structures such as the heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, great vessels, and lymph nodes. Mediastinal masses can be benign or malignant, and the treatment often involves surgical excision to prevent further complications, establish a diagnosis, or treat cancer.Indications for Mediastinal Mass ExcisionA mediastinal mass excision is typically performed when the mass is suspected to be causing symptoms or when a diagnosis is needed. Common indications for surgery

LA / RA MYXOMA

Surgical Treatment of LA/RA Myxoma (Left Atrium / Right Atrium Myxoma)Surgical removal of a left atrial (LA) or right atrial (RA) myxoma is the definitive treatment, as it is generally curative and prevents potentially life-threatening complications like embolization, valve obstruction, and heart failure. The surgery is typically straightforward but requires precise planning and expertise due to the delicate nature of the heart and the location of the tumor. Preoperative ConsiderationsBefore surgery, several steps are taken to ensure the safety of the procedure: Anticoagulation Therapy: Patients with mobile tumors or a history of embolic events are often given anticoagulants

Vascular Embolectomy

Vascular embolectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove an embolus (a blood clot, fat, air, or other foreign material) that is obstructing a blood vessel. The blockage prevents normal blood flow, leading to ischemia (lack of blood supply) in the affected tissues. This condition is often a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment to restore circulation and prevent tissue damage.Indications for Vascular EmbolectomyVascular embolectomy is indicated when there is a vascular occlusion caused by an embolus that cannot be resolved with conservative measures (like thrombolytic therapy). The following are common indications for this procedure: Acute Limb Ischemia: Typically

Aortic Dissection Surgery

An aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition in which there is a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aorta, causing them to separate. This can lead to rupture, organ damage, or death. The treatment of aortic dissection depends on its type, location, and extent, with surgery often being required for severe or complicated cases.Aortic dissection is classified into two types based on the Stanford classification: Type A: Involves the ascending aorta and may extend into the aortic arch or even the descending aorta. Type B: Involves only the

Minimal Invasive Cardiac Surgeries

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery refers to techniques used to perform heart surgery through smaller incisions, with the aim of reducing trauma to the body compared to traditional open heart surgery. This approach is designed to improve recovery time, reduce the risk of infection, and minimize scarring while still addressing various heart conditions.Minimally invasive procedures can be used for a variety of cardiac issues, including valve repair or replacement, coronary artery bypass, and other heart defects. These procedures are often done with the aid of robotic technology or advanced imaging techniques. Types of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgeries Minimally Invasive Coronary

Robotic Cardiac Surgeries

Robotic cardiac surgery involves the use of robotic systems to assist surgeons in performing heart surgery with greater precision, control, and smaller incisions compared to traditional open-heart surgery. The most common robotic system used in cardiac surgery is the da Vinci Surgical System, which allows surgeons to perform complex procedures through tiny incisions with the help of robotic arms and advanced imaging systems.Key Advantages of Robotic Cardiac Surgery Enhanced Precision: The robotic system offers surgeons greater precision with smaller instruments and better visualization, allowing them to perform delicate procedures with a higher degree of accuracy. Minimized Incisions: Unlike traditional open-heart