VENTRICULAR SEPTAL RUPTURE Emergency Surgical RepairIndicationsAn emergency repair is indicated for post-infarction VSR with impending or established hemodynamic instability, heart failure, or shock.ProceduresThe emergency repair requires emergency sternotomy to open the heart and repair the VSR. It is the cardiac surgeon who patches the VSR using a pericardial and synthetic graft. The emergency repair also requires that the coronary arteries be repaired; hence the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. Therefore, emergency repair usually involves the closure of VSR defects using a patch graft to allow normal circulation of the blood in the heart. Delayed Surgical RepairIndicationsThe post-infarction VSR sometimes requires a delayed surgical
